India is increasingly facing a serious public health challenge in the form of diabetes, earning it the title of the ‘Diabetes Capital of the World.’ As of September 2021, the country was home to an estimated 77 million people with diabetes, making it second only to China in terms of prevalence. This alarming figure is driven by a combination of factors, including genetic predisposition, urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and a rising incidence of obesity.

The escalating number of diabetes cases is particularly concerning due to the severe health complications associated with the disease—such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney failure, vision impairment, and nerve damage. Additionally, the economic burden it places on India’s healthcare system is substantial and growing.

In response to this crisis, the Indian government, along with various non-governmental organizations, has launched several initiatives focused on prevention and management. These efforts include public awareness campaigns promoting healthy eating and regular exercise, early detection through routine screening, and comprehensive disease management involving medication, lifestyle changes, and patient education. Despite these initiatives, diabetes management in India remains a significant challenge. Barriers such as low awareness levels, delayed diagnosis, limited access to healthcare—particularly in rural areas—and the high cost of long-term treatment continue to hinder progress. Addressing these issues will require sustained, coordinated efforts and the development of inclusive, long-term strategies to effectively combat this growing health concern.